Voxel-based morphometry in narcolepsy

Background and purpose: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based indirect volumetry, which allows the investigation of the entire brain without restriction of predefined regions-of-interest. Recent studies using this technique reported controversial results in patients with narcolepsy. Patients and methods: In this study, 12 patients with narcolepsy according to the criteria of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders were compared to 12 age-matched controls with normal MR images using VBM. Sex and global differences in voxel intensities were used as confounding covariates. Results: Significant gray matter loss was found in the right prefrontal and frontomesial cortex of patients with narcolepsy. White matter comparison revealed no significant changes in patients or controls. The comparison of cerebrospinal fluid partition detected an enlargement of subarachnoidal space of controls close to the prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: The volume reduction of gray matter in narcoleptic patients could indicate a disease-related atrophy pattern. However, the results of VBM studies in narcolepsy are contradictory. A possible systematic bias due to inhomogeneous patient groups, stimulant medication history or pre-statistical image processing must be considered. We suggest that studies with drug-naive patients and/or region-of-interest-based volumetric studies should be performed in areas defined by VBM. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.