Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH, VOL 35
Volume 35, Issue -, Pages 105-122Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182513
Keywords
environmental epigenetics; life-stage exposures; integrated bioinformatics; risk assessment; molecular epidemiology
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Funding
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R01CA158286] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [P30ES017885, P20ES018171, R01ES017524] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NCI NIH HHS [R01CA158286-01, R01 CA158286] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [P20 ES018171/RD 83480001, P30 ES017885, ES017524, R01 ES017524, P20 ES018171] Funding Source: Medline
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Improved understanding of the multilayer regulation of the human genome has led to a greater appreciation of environmental, nutritional, and epigenetic risk factors for human disease. Chromatin remodeling, histone tail modifications, and DNA methylation are dynamic epigenetic changes responsive to external stimuli. Careful interpretation can provide insights for actionable public health through collaboration between population and basic scientists and through integration of multiple data sources. We review key findings in environmental epigenetics both in human population studies and in animal models, and discuss the implications of these results for risk assessment and public health protection. To ultimately succeed in identifying epigenetic mechanisms leading to complex phenotypes and disease, researchers must integrate the various animal models, human clinical approaches, and human population approaches while paying attention to life-stage sensitivity, to generate effective prescriptions for human health evaluation and disease prevention.
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