Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Volume 29, Issue -, Pages 151-169Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090904
Keywords
bacteria; agriculture; drug-resistant pathogens; infectious disease; horizontal gene transfer; poultry; environment
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Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health crisis, eroding the discovery of antimicrobials and their application to clinical medicine. There is a general lack of knowledge of the importance of agricultural antimicrobial use as a factor in antimicrobial resistance even among experts in medicine and public health. This review focuses on agricultural antimicrobial drug use as a major driver of antimicrobial resistance worldwide for four reasons: It is the largest use of antimicrobials worldwide; much of the use of antimicrobials in agriculture results in subtherapeutic exposures of bacteria; drugs of every important clinical class are utilized in agriculture; and human populations are exposed to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens via consumption of animal products as well as through widespread release into the environment.
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