Extension of nonrandom two-liquid segment activity coefficient model for electrolytes

The nonrandom two-liquid segment activity coefficient model of Chen and Song (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004, 43, 8354) has shown to be a simple and practical tool for chemists and engineers to correlate and estimate solubilities of organic nonelectrolytes in support of chemical and pharmaceutical process design. In this paper, the model is extended for the computation of ionic activity coefficients and solubilities of electrolytes, organic and inorganic, in common solvents and solvent mixtures. In addition to the three types of molecular parameters defined for organic nonelectrolytes, i.e., hydrophobicity X, polarity Y, and hydrophilicity Z, an electrolyte parameter, E, is introduced to characterize both local and long-range ion-ion and ion-molecule interactions attributed to ionized segments of electrolytes. Successful representations of mean ionic activity coefficients and solubilities of electrolytes, inorganic and organic, in aqueous and nonaqueous solvents are presented.