Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 64
Volume 64, Issue -, Pages 21-47Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143739
Keywords
Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC); anandamide; anxiety; 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG); cannabidiol; cannabinoid receptors; cognition; depression; memory; neurogenesis; reward
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE [P01DA009789] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIDA NIH HHS [DA-9789] Funding Source: Medline
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The psychoactive constituent in cannabis, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was isolated in the mid-1960s, but the cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, and the major endogenous cannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol) were identified only 20 to 25 years later. The cannabinoid system affects both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral processes. In this review, we have tried to summarize research-with an emphasis on recent publications-on the actions of the endocannabinoid system on anxiety, depression, neurogenesis, reward, cognition, learning, and memory. The effects are at times biphasic-lower doses causing effects opposite to those seen at high doses. Recently, numerous endocannabinoid-like compounds have been identified in the brain. Only a few have been investigated for their CNS activity, and future investigations on their action may throw light on a wide spectrum of brain functions.
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