Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY, VOL 61
Volume 61, Issue -, Pages 561-591Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112226
Keywords
stomata; ion channel; ABA; calcium; drought; carbon dioxide
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Funding
- NIEHS NIH HHS [ES010337, P42 ES010337] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM060396, R01 GM060396-10, GM060396] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [P42ES010337] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM060396] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Stomatal pores are formed by pairs of specialized epidermal guard cells and serve as major gateways for both CO2 influx into plants from the atmosphere and transpirational water loss of plants. Because they regulate stomatal pore apertures via integration of both endogenous hormonal stimuli and environmental signals, guard cells have been highly developed as a model system to dissect the dynamics and mechanisms of plant-cell signaling. The stress hormone ABA and elevated levels of CO2 activate complex signaling pathways in guard cells that are mediated by kinases/phosphatases, secondary messengers, and ion channel regulation. Recent research in guard cells has led to a new hypothesis for how plants achieve specificity in intracellular calcium signaling: CO2 and ABA enhance (prime) the calcium sensitivity of downstream calcium-signaling mechanisms. Recent progress in identification of early stomatal signaling components are reviewed here, including ABA receptors and CO2-binding response proteins, as well as systems approaches that advance our understanding of guard cell-signaling mechanisms.
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