Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY, VOL 76
Volume 76, Issue -, Pages 535-559Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170315
Keywords
incretin; dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; glucose metabolism; diabetes mellitus
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone secreted primarily from the intestinal L-cells in response to meals, modulates nutrient homeostasis via actions exerted in multiple tissues and cell types. GLP-1 and its analogs, as well as compounds that inhibit endogenous GLP-1 breakdown, have become an effective therapeutic strategy for many subjects with type 2 diabetes. Here we review the discovery of GLP-1; its synthesis, secretion, and elimination from the circulation; and its multiple pancreatic and extrapancreatic effects. Finally, we review current options for GLP-1-based diabetes therapy, including GLP-1 receptor agonism and inhibition of GLP-1 breakdown, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of different modes of therapy and the potential for new therapeutic avenues.
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