Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY, VOL 75
Volume 75, Issue -, Pages 569-591Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183752
Keywords
megakaryocytes; thrombopoiesis; alveolus; endothelial cells; barrier function; permeability; inflammation; hemorrhage; acute lung injury; ALI; acute respiratory distress syndrome; ARDS
Categories
Funding
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R37HL044525, R01HL092746, RC1HL100121, U54HL112311, R01HL091754, R01HL066277] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL092746, R01 HL066277, R01HL066277, R37 HL044525, U54 HL112311, R01HL092746, R37HL044525, R01 HL091754, R01HL100121, R01HL091754, RC1 HL100121] Funding Source: Medline
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Platelets and the lungs have an intimate relationship. Platelets are anucleate mammalian blood cells that continuously circulate through pulmonary vessels and that have major effector activities in hemostasis and inflammation. The lungs are reservoirs for megakaryocytes, the requisite precursor cell in thrombopoiesis, which is the intricate process by which platelets are generated. Platelets contribute to basal barrier integrity of the alveolar capillaries, which selectively restricts the transfer of water, proteins, and red blood cells out of the vessels. Platelets also contribute to pulmonary vascular repair. Although platelets bolster hemostatic and inflammatory defense of the healthy lung, experimental evidence and clinical evidence indicate that these blood cells are effectors of injury in a variety of pulmonary disorders and syndromes. Newly discovered biological capacities of platelets are being explored in the context of lung defense, disease, and remodeling.
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