Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY, VOL 75
Volume 75, Issue -, Pages 225-240Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183708
Keywords
estrogen receptor; breast cancer; tamoxifen; endocrine resistance
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Estrogen exhibits a broad spectrum of physiological functions ranging from regulation of the menstrual cycle and reproduction to modulation of bone density, brain function, and cholesterol mobilization. Despite the beneficial actions of endogenous estrogen, sustained exposure to exogenous estrogen is a well-established risk factor for various cancers. We summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of estrogen signaling in normal and cancer cells and discuss the major challenges to existing antiestrogen therapies.
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