Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 72, Issue -, Pages 127-145Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135900
Keywords
ocean acidification; environmental stress; climate warming; global warming; acclimatization
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Funding
- U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0425107, ANT-0440799]
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
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Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide has resulted in scientific projections of changes in global temperatures, climate in general, and surface seawater chemistry. Although the consequences to ecosystems and communities of metazoans are only beginning to be revealed, a key to forecasting expected changes in animal communities is an understanding of species' vulnerability to a changing environment. For example, environmental stressors may affect a particular species by driving that organism outside a tolerance window, by altering the costs of metabolic processes under the new conditions, or by changing patterns of development and reproduction. Implicit in all these examples is the foundational understanding of physiological mechanisms and how a particular environmental driver (e.g., temperature and ocean acidification) will be transduced through the animal to alter tolerances and performance. In this review, we highlight examples of mechanisms, focusing on those underlying physiological plasticity, that operate in contemporary organisms as a means to consider physiological responses that are available to organisms in the future.
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