Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 64
Volume 64, Issue -, Pages 201-219Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040412-110009
Keywords
ethanol; iso-pentanol; biodiesel; methyl esters; combustion
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This review describes major features of current research in renewable fuels derived from plants and from fatty acids. Recent and ongoing fundamental studies of biofuel molecular structure, oxidation reactions, and biofuel chemical properties are reviewed, in addition to combustion applications of biofuels in the major types of engines in which biofuels are used. Biofuels and their combustion are compared with combustion features of conventional petroleum-based fuels. Two main classes of biofuels are described, those consisting of small, primarily alcohol, fuels ( particularly ethanol, n-butanol, and iso-pentanol) that are used primarily to replace or supplement gasoline and those derived from fatty acids and used primarily to replace or supplement conventional diesel fuels. Research efforts on so-called second- and third-generation biofuels are discussed briefly.
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