Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 51, 2011
Volume 51, Issue -, Pages 25-43Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100517
Keywords
oncomiRs; tumor suppressor microRNAs; miRNA as drug
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It has been demonstrated that all the known processes involved in cancer, including apoptosis, proliferation, survival, and metastasis, are regulated by small regulatory noncoding RNAs consisting of approximately 19-25 nucleotides; these are named microRNAs (miRNAs). Both loss and gain of miRNA function contribute to cancer development through the upregulation and silencing, respectively, of different target genes. Experimental evidence indicates that the use of miRNA mimics or anti-microRNAs may represent a powerful therapeutic strategy to interfere with key molecular pathways involved in cancer. This review provides insights about how microRNAs act as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and how these findings, along with our increasing understanding of miRNA regulation, can be applied to optimize recent miRNA-based technologies and make them suitable for clinical applications.
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