Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
Volume 5, Issue -, Pages 145-171Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-121808-102132
Keywords
hepatic steatosis; liver disease
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Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [K23 DK080953] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [K23DK080953] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NNFLD) is recognized as the leading cause of chronic liver disease in adults and children. NTAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver injuries ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis with or without fibrosis. Fibrosis may progress to cirrhosis and complications including hepatocellular carcinoma. Histologic findings represent the complexity of pathophysiology. NNFLD is closely associated with obesity and is most closely linked with insulin resistance; the current Western diet, high in saturated fats and fructose, plays a significant role. There are several mechanisms by which excess triglycerides are acquired and accumulate in hepatocytes. Formation of steatotic droplets maybe disordered in NAFLD. Visceral adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and insulin resistance results in aberrant cytokine expression; many cytokines have a role in liver injury in NAFLD. Cellular stress and immune reactions, as well as the endocannabinoid system, have been implicated in animal models and in some human studeis.
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