Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION, VOL 33
Volume 33, Issue -, Pages 413-451Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161254
Keywords
acyltransferase; cholesteryl ester; triacylglycerol; lipotoxicity
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Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [2 TL1 RR000082] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [5 T32 DK007647, DK54320] Funding Source: Medline
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The esterification of amphiphilic alcohols with fatty acids is a ubiquitous strategy implemented by eukaryotes and some prokaryotes to conserve energy and membrane progenitors and simultaneously detoxify fatty acids and other lipids. This key reaction is performed by at least four evolutionarily unrelated multigene families. The synthesis of this neutral lipid leads to the formation of a lipid droplet, which despite the clear selective advantage it confers is also a harbinger of cellular and organismal malaise. Neutral lipid deposition as a cytoplasmic lipid droplet may be thermodynamically favored but nevertheless is elaborately regulated. Optimal utilization of these resources by lipolysis is similarly multigenic in determination and regulation. We present here a perspective on these processes that originates from studies in model organisms, and we include our thoughts on interventions that target reductions in neutral lipids as therapeutics for human diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
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