Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION, VOL 33
Volume 33, Issue -, Pages 1-21Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161125
Keywords
food intake; CNS circuits; energy balance; obesity
Categories
Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK026687, P60 DK020541, DK 089038, DK020541, DK 026687, R01 DK089038, P30 DK020541, R56 DK089038] Funding Source: Medline
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Energy homeostasis-ensuring that energy availability matches energy requirements-is essential for survival. One way that energy balance is achieved is through coordinated action of neural and neuroendocrine feeding circuits, which promote energy intake when energy supply is limited. Feeding behavior engages multiple somatic and visceral tissues distributed throughout the body-contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles in the head and along the upper digestive tract required to consume and digest food, as well as stimulation of endocrine and exocrine secretions from a wide range of organs. Accordingly, neurons that contribute to feeding behaviors are localized to central, peripheral, and enteric nervous systems. To promote energy balance, feeding circuits must be able to identify and respond to energy requirements, as well as the amount of energy available from internal and external sources, and then direct appropriate coordinated responses throughout the body.
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