Growth, metabolism, and blood pressure disturbances during aging in transgenic rats with altered brain renin-angiotensin systems

Growth, metabolism, and blood pressure disturbances during aging in transgenic rats with altered brain renin-angiotensin systems. Physiol Genomics 23: 311-317, 2005. First published August 30, 2005; 10.1152/physiolgenomics. 00163.2005. Transgenic rats with targeted decreased glial expression of angiotensinogen (ASrAogen rats) did not show an increase in systolic pressure compared with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats during aging (15-69 wk of age). ASrAogen animals had lower body weights throughout the study, similar to reports for animals with systemic knockout of angiotensinogen or treated long term with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers. Further characterization of indexes of growth and metabolism in ASrAogen rats compared with (mRen2) 27 and SD rats, which express elevated versus normal brain and tissue angiotensin II levels, respectively, revealed that serum leptin was 100-200% higher in SD and (mRen2) 27 rats at 46 wk and 69 wk of age. Consistent with low serum leptin, ASrAogen rats had higher food intake (73%) compared with SD or (mRen2) 27 rats. (mRen2) 27 rats had higher resting insulin levels than ASrAogen rats at all ages. Insulin levels were constant during aging in ASrAogen rats, whereas an increase occurred in SD rats, leading to higher insulin levels at 46 and 69 wk of age compared with ASrAogen rats. IGF-1 was comparable among strains at all ages, but (mRen2) 27 rats had longer and ASrAogen rats had shorter tail lengths versus SD rats at 15 wk of age. In conclusion, reduced expression of glial angiotensinogen blunts the age-dependent rise in insulin levels and weight gain, findings that mimic the effects of long-term systemic blockade of the RAS or systemic knockout of angiotensinogen. These data implicate glial angiotensinogen in the regulation of body metabolism as well as hormonal mechanisms regulating blood pressure.