Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 31, Issue -, Pages 47-67Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125646
Keywords
serial section transmission electron microscopy; long-term potentiation; long-term depression; development; morphological plasticity
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING [R01EB002170] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS021184, R23NS021184, R37NS021184, R01NS033574, R01NS074644] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB002170, R01 EB002170-15, EB002170] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH104319] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [NS33574, NS21184, R01 NS033574, R01 NS074644, R01 NS021184, R37 NS021184-23, R01 NS033574-12, R37 NS021184] Funding Source: Medline
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Deudritic spines are the primary recipients of excitatory input in the central nervous system. They provide biochemical compartments that locally control the signaling mechanisms at individual synapses. Hippocampal spines show structural plasticity as the basis for the physiological changes in synaptic efficacy that underlie learning and memory. Spine structure is regulated by molecular mechanisms that are fine-tuned and adjusted according to developmental age, level and direction of synaptic activity, specific brain region, and exact behavioral or experimental conditions. Reciprocal changes between the structure and function of spines impact both local and global integration of signals within dendrites. Advances in imaging and computing technologies may provide the resources needed to reconstruct entire neural circuits. Key to this endeavor is having sufficient resolution to determine the extrinsic factors (such as perisynaptic astroglia) and the intrinsic factors (such as core subcellular organelles) that are required to build and maintain synapses.
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