Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 67
Volume 67, Issue -, Pages 83-112Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-092412-155751
Keywords
antibiotic resistance; gene expression kinetics; feedback mechanisms; horizontal gene transfer; bacterial evolution
Categories
Funding
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [AI 42336, R01 AI042236] Funding Source: Medline
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The ability of gram-negative bacteria to resist killing by antimicrobial agents and to avoid detection by host immune systems often entails modification to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in their outer membrane. In this review, we examine the biology of the PmrA/PmrB two-component system, the major regulator of LPS modifications in the enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica. We examine the signals that activate the sensor PmrB and the targets controlled by the transcriptional regulator PmrA. We discuss the PmrA/PmrB-dependent chemical decorations of the LPS and their role in resistance to antibacterial agents. We analyze the feedback mechanisms that modulate the activity and thus output of the PmrA/PmrB system, dictating when, where, and to what extent bacteria modify their LPS. Finally, we explore the qualitative and quantitative differences in gene expression outputs resulting from the distinct PmrA/PmrB circuit architectures in closely related bacteria, which may account for their differential survival in various ecological niches.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available