Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE
Volume 61, Issue -, Pages 77-90Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.042808.171814
Keywords
platelet factor 4; heparin; thrombosis; immunoassays; direct thrombin inhibitors; immune thrombocytopenia; immune-mediated thrombosis
Categories
Funding
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U01DD000014]
- National Institutes of Health [HL081395, U54HL077878, U01HL087229, U01HL072289]
- CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION [U01DD000014] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [U54HL077878, R01HL081395, U01HL087229, U01HL072289] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated hypercoagulable disorder caused by antibodies to platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin. HIT develops in temporal association with heparin therapy and manifests either as an unexplained thrombocytopenia or thrombocytopenia complicated by thrombosis. The propensity for thrombosis distinguishes HIT from other common drug-induced thrombocytopenias. Diagnosing HIT in hospitalized patients is often challenging because of the frequency of heparin use, occurrence of thrombocytopenia from other causes, and development of asymptomatic PF4/heparin antibodies in patients treated with heparin. This review summarizes our current understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and management approaches in HIT
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