Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE
Volume 59, Issue -, Pages 131-146Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.59.053006.104646
Keywords
DNA polymerase gamma; nucleotide pools; mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome; progressive external ophthalmoplegia; ataxia-neuropathy
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Funding
- Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES065078-14] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [Z01ES065080, Z01ES065078] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Mitochondrial genetic diseases can result from defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the form of deletions, point mutations, or depletion, which ultimately cause loss of oxidative phosphorylation. These mutations may be spontaneous, maternally inherited, or a result of inherited nuclear defects in genes that maintain mtDNA. This review focuses on our current understanding of nuclear gene mutations that produce mtDNA alterations and cause mitochondrial depletion syndrome (MDS), progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), ataxia-neuropathy, or mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). To date, all of these etiologic nuclear genes fall into one of two categories: genes whose products function directly at the mtDNA replication fork, such as POLG, POLG2, and TWINKLE, or genes whose products supply the mitochondria with deoxynucleotide triphosphate pools needed for DNA replication, such as TK2, DGUOK, TP, SUCLA2, ANT1, and possibly the newly identified MPV17.
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