Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 4
Volume 4, Issue -, Pages 209-+Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142751
Keywords
climate change; nonindigenous species; fishing; aquaculture; shipping; outbreak
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Human populations have been concentrated along and exploiting the coastal zones for millennia. Of regions with the highest human impacts on the oceans (Halpern et al. 2008), 6 of the top 10 have recently experienced blooms or problems with jellies. I review the time lines of human population growth and their effects on the coastal environment. I explore evidence suggesting that human activities-specifically, seafood harvest, eutrophication, hard substrate additions, transport of nonindigenous species, aquaculture, and climate change-may benefit jelly populations. Direct evidence is lacking for most of these factors; however, numerous correlations show abundant jellies in areas with warm temperatures and low forage fish populations. Jelly populations fluctuate in similar to 10- and similar to 20-year cycles in concert with solar and climate cycles. Global warming will provide a rising baseline against which climate cycles will cause fluctuations in jelly populations. The probable acceleration of anthropogenic effects may lead to further problems with jellies.
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