Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 32
Volume 32, Issue -, Pages 51-82Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120257
Keywords
TGF-beta; integrins; T cells; Th17 cells; Tregs; dendritic cells
Categories
Funding
- MRC [G1001753] Funding Source: UKRI
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL102292, P01HL108794] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [U19AI077439] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- Medical Research Council [G1001753] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL108794, P01 HL108794, HL102292, HL53947, R01 HL102292] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI077439, AI077439] Funding Source: Medline
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The cytokine TGF-beta plays an integral role in regulating immune responses. TGF-beta has pleiotropic effects on adaptive immunity, especially in the regulation of effector and regulatory CD4(+) T cell responses. Many immune and nonimmune cells can produce TGF-beta, but it is always produced as an inactive complex that must be activated to exert functional effects. Thus, activation of latent TGF-beta provides a crucial layer of regulation that controls TGF-beta function. In this review, we highlight some of the important functional roles for TGF-beta in immunity, focusing on its context-specific roles in either dampening or promoting T cell responses. We also describe how activation of TGF-beta controls its function in the immune system, with a focus on the key roles for members of the integrin family in this process.
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