Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 31
Volume 31, Issue -, Pages 635-674Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095921
Keywords
humanized mice; stem cells; hematopoiesis; infectious disease; cancer
Categories
Funding
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges in Global Health
- National Institutes of Health [CA156689]
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
- Connecticut Stem Cell Research Grants Program
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Swiss National Science Foundation [310030-131088/1, Oncosuisse-OCS-02019-02-2007]
- Promedica Foundation (Chur, Switzerland)
- University of Zurich
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To directly study complex human hemato-lymphoid system physiology and respective system-associated diseases in vivo, human-to-mouse xenotransplantation models for human blood and blood-forming cells and organs have been developed over the past three decades. We here review the fundamental requirements and the remarkable progress made over the past few years in improving these systems, the current major achievements reached by use of these models, and the future challenges to more closely model and study human health and disease and to achieve predictive preclinical testing of both prevention measures and potential new therapies.
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