Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 28
Volume 28, Issue -, Pages 79-105Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101308
Keywords
immunological synapse; kinapse; microcluster; TCR triggering
Categories
Funding
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE [PN2EY016586] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI044931, P01AI071195, R56AI044931, R21AI055037, R01AI055037, R37AI043542] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NEI NIH HHS [PN2 EY016586-06, PN2 EY016586] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI055037-06A1, R37 AI043542-12, R37 AI043542, P01 AI071195, P01 AI071195-040003, R56 AI044931, R01 AI055037, R56 AI044931-11A1] Funding Source: Medline
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T cell activation and function require a structured engagement of antigen-presenting cells. These cell contacts are characterized by two distinct dynamics in vivo: transient contacts resulting from promigratory junctions called immunological kinapses or prolonged contacts from stable junctions called immunological synapses. Kinapses operate in the steady state to allow referencing to self-peptide-MHC (pMHC) and searching for pathogen-derived pMHC. Synapses are induced by T cell receptor (TCR) interactions with agonist pMHC under specific conditions and correlate with robust immune responses that generate effector and memory T cells. High-resolution imaging has revealed that the synapse is highly coordinated, integrating cell adhesion, TCR recognition of pMHC complexes, and an array of activating and inhibitory ligands to promote or prevent T cell signaling. In this review, we examine the molecular components, geometry, and timing underlying kinapses and synapses. We integrate recent molecular and physiological data to provide a synthesis and suggest ways forward.
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