Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 26, Issue -, Pages 389-420Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090404
Keywords
cytotoxic T lymphocyte; cytotoxic granule; natural killer cell; serine protease; granule exocytosis; serpin
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R56AI045587, R01AI063430, R01AI045587] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIAID NIH HHS [R56 AI045587, R01 AI063430, R01 AI063430-04, AI45587, R01 AI045587-10, R01 AI045587, AI63430] Funding Source: Medline
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The granzymes ire cell death-inducing enzymes, stored in the cytotoxic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, that are released during granule exocytosis when a specific virus-infected or transformed target cell is marked for elimination. Recent work suggests that this homologous family of serine esterases can activate at least three distinct pathways of cell death. This redundancy likely evolved to provide protection against pathogens and tumors with diverse strategies for evading cell death. This review discusses what is known about granzyme-mediated pathways of cell death as well as recent studies that implicate granzymes in immune regulation and extracellular proteolytic functions in inflammation.
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