Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS, VOL 14
Volume 14, Issue -, Pages 355-369Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-091212-153523
Keywords
capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome; cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome; Costello syndrome; Legius syndrome; LEOPARD syndrome; neurofibromatosis; Noonan syndrome; Ras/MAPK; signal transduction pathway
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Funding
- NIAMS NIH HHS [R01AR062165, R01 AR062165] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES [R01AR062165] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The RASopathies are a clinically defined group of medical genetic syndromes caused by germline mutations in genes that encode components or regulators of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. These disorders include neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome, Costello syndrome, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, and Legius syndrome. Because of the common underlying Ras/MAPK pathway dysregulation, the RASopathies exhibit numerous overlapping phenotypic features. The Ras/MAPK pathway plays an essential role in regulating the cell cycle and cellular growth, differentiation, and senescence, all of which are critical to normal development. Therefore, it is not surprising that Ras/MAPK pathway dysregulation has profound deleterious effects on both embryonic and later stages of development. The Ras/MAPK pathway has been well studied in cancer and is an attractive target for small-molecule inhibition to treat various malignancies. The use of these molecules to ameliorate developmental defects in the RASopathies is under consideration.
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