Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS, VOL 47
Volume 47, Issue -, Pages 625-646Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-051313-051025
Keywords
ATP; CorA; gene regulation; lipopolysaccharide; MgtA; MgtB; MgtE; PhoP/PhoQ
Categories
Funding
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [R56 AI042236, AI42236, R01 AI042236, AI49561, R01 AI049561] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM007223] Funding Source: Medline
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Organisms must maintain physiological levels of Mg2+ because this divalent cation is critical for the stabilization of membranes and ribosomes, for the neutralization of nucleic acids, and as a cofactor in a variety of enzymatic reactions. In this review, we describe the mechanisms that bacteria utilize to sense the levels of Mg2+ both outside and inside the cytoplasm. We examine how bacteria achieve Mg2+ homeostasis by adjusting the expression and activity of Mg2+ transporters and by changing the composition of their cell envelope. We discuss the connections that exist between Mg2+ sensing, Mg2+ transport, and bacterial virulence. Additionally, we explore the logic behind the fact that bacterial genomes encode multiple Mg2+ transporters and distinct sensing systems for cytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic Mg2+. These analyses may be applicable to the homeostatic control of other cations.
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