Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS
Volume 43, Issue -, Pages 167-195Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134805
Keywords
eubacteria; tandem duplication; fitness cost; deleterious mutation
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Funding
- Swedish Research Council
- European Union
- Soderbergs Stiftelser
- Uppsala University
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Gene duplication-amplification (GDA) processes are highly relevant biologically because they generate extensive and reversible genetic variation on which adaptive evolution can act. Whenever cellular growth is restricted, escape from these growth restrictions Often Occurs by GDA events that resolve the selective problem. hi addition, GDA may facilitate subsequent genetic change by allowing a population to grow and increase in number, thereby increasing the probability for subsequent adaptive mutations to occur in die amplified genes or in unrelated genes. Mathematical modeling of the effect of GDA on die rate of adaptive evolution shows that GDA will facilitate adaptation, especially when the supply of mutations in the population is rate-limiting. GDA can form via several mechanisms, both RecA-dependent and RecA-independent, including rolling-circle amplification and nonequal crossing over between sister chromatids. Due to the high intrinsic instability and fitness costs associated with GDAs, they are generally transient in nature, and consequently their evolutionary and medical importance is often underestimated.
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