Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS, VOL 46
Volume 46, Issue -, Pages 591-614Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010313-141309
Keywords
shear stress; endothelial cells; smooth muscle cells; mechanotransduction; interstitial flow; glycocalyx
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL095070, R01 HL119798, R01 HL094889, P20 HL113451, R01 HL057093, R01 HL086543, HHSN268201000043C, R01 HL070531] Funding Source: Medline
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This review places modern research developments in vascular mechanobiology in the context of hemodynamic phenomena in the cardiovascular system and the discrete localization of vascular disease. The modern origins of this field are traced, beginning in the 1960s when associations between flow characteristics, particularly blood flow-induced wall shear stress, and the localization of atherosclerotic plaques were uncovered, and continuing to fluid shear stress effects on the vascular lining endothelial cells (ECs), including their effects on EC morphology, biochemical production, and gene expression. The earliest single-gene studies and genome-wide analyses are considered. The final section moves from the ECs lining the vessel wall to the smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts within the wall that are fluid mechanically activated by interstitial flow that imposes shear stresses on their surfaces comparable with those of flowing blood on EC surfaces. Interstitial flow stimulates biochemical production and gene expression, much like blood flow on ECs.
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