Factors associated with the successful aging of the socially-active elderly in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre

Objective: To identify the factors associated with aging of the socially-active elderly in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving a sample of 400 elderly subjects. Through a conglomerate analysis using the combined results of the Flanagan Scale and the quality of life assessment instrument developed by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-100), the subjects classified as presenting a higher quality of life were considered to have aged successfully. Results: After having been adjusted for the variables gender, age, level of depression, despair, perceived health status, meaning that personal beliefs give to life, satisfaction with social activities and relations, the following factors maintained their independent and meaningful effect on successful aging: family relations and friendships (OR = 4.93; 95% CI: 2.83-8.60), health and perceived well being (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.07-2.59), functional capacity (OR = 23.70; 95% CI: 10.98-51.06) and psychosocial support (OR = 7,36; 95% CI: 4.00-13.54). Conclusions: Independence in performing daily life activities and autonomy, as well as satisfaction with family relations and friendships, were independent predictive factors of successful aging for both men and women. For women in particular there were various predictive factors: material comfort, feeling physically well; body image and appearance; self-esteem; positive feelings; interpersonal relationships; social support, participation in recreational activities; sexuality; spirituality, and beliefs. The elderly maintain a relationship with themselves, with others and with their beliefs. Family is the main social support system.