Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY
Volume 55, Issue -, Pages 247-266Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-112408-085305
Keywords
Regiella insecticola; Hamiltonella defensa; Serratia Symbiotica; mutualism; endosymbiont; Rickettsia
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [0313737, 0709992]
- National Institutes of Health [1K 12 GM00708]
- NSF IGERT [0654435]
- Emerging Frontiers [1106195] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [K12GM000708] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Aphids engage in symbiotic associations with a diverse assemblage of heritable bacteria. In addition to their obligate nutrient-provisioning symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, aphids may also carry one or more facultative symbionts. Unlike obligate symbionts, facultative symbionts are not generally required for survival or reproduction and can invade novel hosts, based on both phylogenetic analyses and transfection experiments. Facultative symbionts are mutualistic in the context of various ecological interactions. Experiments on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability. The protective symbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, has a dynamic genome, exhibiting evidence of recombination, phage-mediated gene uptake, and horizontal gene transfer and containing virulence and toxin-encoding genes. Although transmitted maternally with high fidelity, facultative symbionts occasionally move horizontally within and between species, resulting in the instantaneous acquisition of ecologically important traits, such as parasitoid defense.
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