Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES, VOL 38
Volume 38, Issue -, Pages 439-466Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152333
Keywords
dike propagation; magmatic margin; extensional tectonics
Funding
- NERC [NE/E013945/1, NE/E007414/1, come20001] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [earth010007, NE/D01039X/1, NE/D01039X/2, come20001, NE/E013945/1, NE/E007414/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Although fault and magmatic processes have achieved plate spreading at mid-ocean ridges throughout Earth's history, discrete rifting episodes have rarely been observed. This paper synthesizes ongoing seismic, structural, space-based geodetic, and petrologic studies from the subaerial Red Sea rift in Ethiopia where a major rifting episode commenced in September 2005. Our aims are to determine the length and timescales of magmatism and tanking, the partitioning of strain between faulting and magmatism, and their implications for the maintenance of along-axis segmentation. Most of the magma for the initial and subsequent 12 intrusions was sourced from the center of the Dabbahu-Manda Hararo rift segment. Strain is accommodated primarily by axial dike intrusions fed from mid-segment magma chamber(s). These findings show that episodic (approximate century interval), rapid opening of discrete rift segments is the primary mechanism of plate boundary deformation. The scale (similar to 65 km x 8 km) and intensity of crustal deformation (similar to 6 m), as well as the volume of intrusive and extrusive magmatism (>3 km(3)), provokes a re-evaluation of seismic and volcanic hazards in subaerial rift zones.
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