Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES, VOL 38
Volume 38, Issue -, Pages 133-160Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152450
Keywords
OIB; MORB; upwelling rates; mantle temperatures; mantle evolution; isotope and trace element geochemistry
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Mantle plumes-which are usually, but not always, chemically distinct from the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-may be rooted in the core-mantle boundary and begin with large voluminous heads triggering massive eruptions or be headless and arise in the mid-mantle. Geochemistry provides convincing evidence that mantle plumes are 100-300 degrees C hotter than normal upper mantle and that upwelling rates within the melting region are faster than beneath mid-ocean ridges. Os-186/Os-188 hints at the possibility of material from Earth's core in the Hawaiian plume, but this is not Seen in other oceanic island basalt (OIB) and has not been confirmed by W-182/W-184 measurements. High He-3/He-4 in plumes does not require a primordial deep-mantle reservoir. The geochemical signature of mantle plumes originates primarily through melting in the upper mantle, probably through creation and subduction of oceanic lithosphere, but the details remain obscure. Plumes are lithologically heterogeneous, consisting of stringers of mafic material embedded in a more dominant peridotite.
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