Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, VOL 34
Volume 34, Issue -, Pages 495-521Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062508
Keywords
axon injury; axon regeneration; conditioning lesion; growth cone; intrinsic mechanisms; cytoskeleton
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After an injury in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), lesioned axons fail to regenerate. This failure to regenerate contrasts with axons' remarkable potential to grow during embryonic development and after an injury in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Several intracellular mechanisms-including cytoskeletal dynamics, axonal transport and trafficking, signaling and transcription of regenerative programs, and epigenetic modifications-control axon regeneration. In this review, we describe how manipulation of intrinsic mechanisms elicits a regenerative response in different organisms and how strategies are implemented to form the basis of a future regenerative treatment after CNS injury.
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