Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, VOL 28
Volume 28, Issue -, Pages 687-717Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154043
Keywords
cell migration; cell intercalation; adhesion; chemotaxis; planar polarity
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Funding
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM55101, R01 GM055101, R01GM77770] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM077770, R01GM055101] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Gastrulation is a fundamental phase of animal embryogenesis during which germ layers are specified, rearranged, and shaped into a body plan with organ rudiments. Gastrulation involves four evolutionarily conserved morphogenetic movements, each of which results in a specific morphologic transformation. During emboly, mesodermal and endodermal cells become internalized beneath the ectoderm. Epibolic movements spread and thin germ layers. Convergence movements narrow germ layers dorsoventrally, while concurrent extension movements elongate them anteroposteriorly. Each gastrulation movement can be achieved by single or multiple motile cell behaviors, including cell shape changes, directed migration, planar and radial intercalations, and cell divisions. Recent studies delineate cyclical and ratchet-like behaviors of the actomyosin cytoskeleton as a common mechanism underlying various gastrulation cell behaviors. Gastrulation movements are guided by differential cell adhesion, chemotaxis, chemokinesis, and planar polarity. Coordination of gastrulation movements with embryonic polarity involves regulation by anteroposterior and dorsoventral patterning systems of planar polarity signaling, expression of chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules.
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