Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS, VOL 42
Volume 42, Issue -, Pages 289-314Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-050511-102349
Keywords
pH sensor; protonation; intracellular pH; posttranslational modification; coincidence detection; conformational change; ionization; histidine
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Funding
- CIHR Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM058642, R01 GM047413, GM58642] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM058642, R01GM047413] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Posttranslational modification is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for regulating protein activity, binding affinity, and stability. Compared with established posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation or ubiquitination, posttranslational modification by protons within physiological pH ranges is a less recognized mechanism for regulating protein function. By changing the charge of amino acid side chains, posttranslational modification by protons can drive dynamic changes in protein conformation and function. Addition and removal of a proton is rapid and reversible and, in contrast to most other posttranslational modifications, does not require an enzyme. Signaling specificity is achieved by only a minority of sites in proteins titrating within the physiological pH range. Here, we examine the structural mechanisms and functional consequences of proton posttranslational modification of pH-sensing proteins regulating different cellular processes.
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