Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS, VOL 42
Volume 42, Issue -, Pages 415-441Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-083012-130301
Keywords
macromolecular flexibility; macromolecular interactions; dynamic complexes; X-ray scattering data analysis; SAXS model validation; solution structure quality control metrics
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA092584] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM105404, R01 GM105404] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [P01CA092584] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM105404] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a robust technique for the comprehensive structural characterizations of biological macromolecular complexes in solution. Here, we present a coherent synthesis of SAXS theory and experiment with a focus on analytical tools for accurate, objective, and high-throughput investigations. Perceived SAXS limitations are considered in light of its origins, and we present current methods that extend SAXS data analysis to the super-resolution regime. In particular, we discuss hybrid structural methods, illustrating the role of SAXS in structure refinement with NMR and ensemble refinement with single-molecule FRET. High-throughput genomics and proteomics are far outpacing macromolecular structure determinations, creating information gaps between the plethora of newly identified genes, known structures, and the structure-function relationship in the underlying biological networks. SAXS can bridge these information gaps by providing a reliable, high-throughput structural characterization of macromolecular complexes under physiological conditions.
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