Journal
IMMUNITY
Volume 23, Issue 6, Pages 649-659Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.11.006
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL33391] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [AI15608] Funding Source: Medline
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The lethal outcome of high-dose pulmonary virus infection is thought to reflect high-level, sustained virus replication and associated lung inflammation prior to development of an adaptive immune response. Herein, we demonstrate that the outcome of lethal/sublethal influenza infection instead correlates with the initial virus replication tempo. Furthermore, the magnitude of early lung antiviral CD8(+) T cell responses varies inversely with inoculum dose and is controlled by lymph-node-resident dendritic cells (LNDC) through IL-12p40-regulated FasL-dependent T cell apoptosis. These results suggest that the inoculum dose and replication rate of a pathogen entering the respiratory tract may regulate the strength of the adaptive immune response, and the subsequent outcome of infection and that LNDC may serve as regulators (gatekeepers) in the development of CD8(+) T cell responses.
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