Journal
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
Volume 47, Issue 8, Pages 565-572Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.07.003
Keywords
preconditioning; hypertensive; ischemia; stroke
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Preconditioning (PC) is a phenomenon in which a brief ischemic insult induces tolerance against a subsequent severe ischemic insult. Recent studies showed that cerebral ischemia in adult rat upregulates progenitor cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. We presently evaluated whether PC can also stimulate progenitor cell proliferation in rat brain. Middle cerebral artery was transiently occluded in spontaneously hypertensive rats for 10 min to induce PC and I h to induce focal ischemia. Progenitor cell proliferation (defined as BrdU(+) cell number) significantly increased after focal ischemia (by 3.9-fold; p < 0.05) as well as PC (by 2.7-fold; p < 0.05) compared to sham. PC 3 days prior had neither an inhibitory nor an additive effect on focal ischemia-induced progenitor cell proliferation. In both ischemia and PC groups, similar to 45% of the progenitor cells proliferated in week I survived to the end of week 3 and similar to 21% of those matured into NeuN(+) neurons. Furthermore, cerebral mRNA expression of the growth factors IGF1, FGF2, TGF beta 1, EGF and PDGF-A was significantly elevated after PC. Thus, we show that the beneficial effects of PC extend beyond providing neuroprotection during the acute phase after ischemia. Induction of growth factor expression and neurogenesis by PC might be a positive adaptation for an efficient repair and plasticity in the event of an ischemic insult. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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