Viscoelastic properties of isomeric alkylglucoside surfactants studied by surface light scattering

Surface light scattering (SLS) by capillary waves was used to investigate the adsorption behavior of nonionic sugar surfactants at the air/liquid interface. SLS by the subphase (water) followed predictions from hydrodynamic theory. The viscoelastic properties (surface elasticity and surface viscosity) of monolayers formed by octyl beta-glucoside, octyl alpha-glucoside, and 2-ethylhexyl (x-glucoside surfactants were quantified at submicellar concentrations. It is further concluded that a diffusional relaxation model describes the observed trends in high-frequency, nonintrusive laser light scattering experiments. The interfacial diffusion coefficients that resulted from fitting this diffusional relaxation model to surface elasticity values obtained with SLS reflect the molecular dynamics of the subphase near the interface. However, differences from the theoretical predictions indicate the existence of effects not accounted for such as thermal convection, molecular rearrangements, and other relaxation mechanisms within the monolayer. Our results demonstrate important differences in molecular packing at the air-water interface for the studied isomeric surfactants.