In vivo confocal imaging of the retina in animal models using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

Scanning-laser ophthalmoscopy is a technique for confocal imaging of the eye in vivo. The use of lasers of different wavelengths allows to obtain information about specific tissues and layers due to their reflection and transmission characteristics. In addition, fluorescent dyes excitable in the blue and infrared range offer a unique access to the vascular structures associated with each layer. In animal models, a further enhancement in specificity can be obtained by GFP expression under control of tissue-specific promotors. Important fields of application are studies in retinal degenerations and the follow-up of therapeutic intervention. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.