Graphitized carbon nanobeads with an onion texture as a lithium-ion battery negative electrode for high-rate use

Graphitized carbon nanobeads (GCNBs) can be used as negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries, resulting in improved rate performance and increased stability towards graphite exfoliation in propylene carbonate based electrolytes. The discharge rate capacity of GCNB remains high even at high charging rates (triangles) compared with highly graphitized mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs, circles).