14-3-3η is a novel regulator of parkin ubiquitin ligase

Mutation of the parkin gene, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, is the major cause of autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (ARJP). Although various substrates for parkin have been identified, the mechanisms that regulate the ubiquitin ligase activity of parkin are poorly understood. Here we report that 14-3-3 eta, a chaperone-like protein present abundantly in neurons, could bind to parkin and negatively regulate its ubiquitin ligase activity. Furthermore, 14-3-3 eta could bind to the linker region of parkin but not parkin with ARJP-causing R42P, K161N, and T240R mutations. Intriguingly, alpha-synuclein (alpha-SN), another familial Parkinson's disease (PD) gene product, abrogated the 14-3-3 eta-induced suppression of parkin activity. alpha-SN could bind tightly to 14-3-3 eta and consequently sequester it from the parkin -14-3-3 eta complex. PD-causing A30P and A53T mutants of alpha-SN could not bind 14-3-3 eta, and failed to activate parkin. Our findings indicate that 14-3-3 eta is a regulator that functionally links parkin and alpha-SN. The alpha-SN-positive and 14-3-3 eta-negative control of parkin activity sheds new light on the pathophysiological roles of parkin.