Journal
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
Volume 25, Issue 1, Pages 127-141Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/sim.2331
Keywords
continuous covariates; dichotomization; categorization; regression; efficiency; clinical research
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Funding
- MRC [MC_U122861386] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_U122861386] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_U122861386] Funding Source: Medline
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In medical research, continuous variables are often converted into categorical variables by grouping values into two or more categories. We consider in detail issues pertaining to creating just two groups, a common approach in clinical research. We argue that the simplicity achieved is gained at a cost; dichotomization may create rather than avoid problems, notably a considerable loss of power and residual confounding. In addition, the use of a data-derived 'optimal' cutpoint leads to serious bias. We illustrate the impact of dichotomization of continuous predictor variables using as a detailed case study a randomized trial in primary biliary cirrhosis. Dichotomization of continuous data is unnecessary for statistical analysis and in particular should not be applied to explanatory variables in regression models. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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