Epitaxial growth of vertically aligned and branched single-crystalline tin-doped indium oxide nanowire arrays

Epitaxial growth of well-aligned tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanowire arrays on substrates of (100) yttrium-stabilized zirconia with vertical and inclined orientations is reported. Branched ITO nanowires are grown on (100) ITO nanowire backbones by a second step of Au-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid growth. The Figure shows ITO nanowire branches grown parallel to one another on each side of an ITO nanowire backbone.