Levels of apoptosis in human granulosa cells seem to be comparable after therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or antagonist

Objective: To compare levels of apoptosis in granulosa cells from women treated with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agortist triptorelin or the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix. Design: Randomized, prospective study. Setting: University hospital. Patient(s): Thirty-two women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques after ovulation induction with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plus GnRH agonist or antagonist. Intervention(s): Granulosa cells were isolated from follicular aspirates after oocyte removal. Main Outcome Measure(s): Apoptosis was assessed with Annexin V binding assay, terminal deoxynucteotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, flow cytometric analysis of DNA, and ultrastructural analysis of cell morphology in transmission electron microscopy. Serum and follicular hormonal levels were also determined. Result(s): Annexin V binding and TUNEL assays revealed comparable percentages of apoptosis in the two groups under investigation. Analysis of DNA histograms revealed a similar cell cycle distribution in the two groups. Ultrastructural analysis only occasionally displayed patterns of chromatin margination in apoptotic cells. The mean concentrations of all the follicular fluid steroid hormones evaluated (E-2, T, and P) were significantly lower in the GnRH antagonist-treated group. Conclusion(s): Therapy with a GnRH agonist or antagonist is associated with comparable levels of apoptosis in granulosa cells.