Journal
GENETICS
Volume 172, Issue 2, Pages 1337-1347Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.050583
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To test whether quantitative traits are under directional or homogenizing selection, it is common practice to compare population differentiation estimates at molecular Markers (F-ST) and quantitative traits (Q(ST)). If the trait is neutral and its determinism is additive, then theory predicts that Q(ST) = F-ST, while Q(ST) > F-ST is predicted under directional selection for different local opima, and Q(ST) < F-ST is predicted under homogenizing selection. However, nonadditive effects can alter these predictions. Here, we investigate the influence of dominance on the relation between Q(ST) and F-ST for neutral traits. Using analytical results and computer simulations, we show that dominance generally deflates Q(ST)-relative to F-ST. Under inbreeding, the effect of dominance vanishes, and we show that for selfing species, a better estimate of Q(ST) is obtained front selfed families than from half-sib families. We also compare several sampling designs and find that it is always best to sample many populations (>20) with few families (five) rather than few populations with many families. Provided that estimates of Q(ST) are derived from individuals originating from many populations, we Conclude that the pattern Q(ST) > F-ST, and hence the inference of directional selection to]different local optima, is robust to the effect of nonadditive gene actions.
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