Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
Volume 1762, Issue 2, Pages 140-147Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.07.001
Keywords
mitochondria; electron microscopy; electron tomography; membrane topology; bioenergetics; apoptosis
Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [RR01219, P41 RR001219] Funding Source: Medline
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This review summarizes recent findings from electron tomography about the three-dimensional shape of mitochondrial membranes and its possible influence on a range of mitochondrial functions. The inner membrane invaginations called cristae are pleomorphic, typically connected by narrow tubular junctions of variable length to the inner boundary membrane. This design may restrict intra-mitochondrial diffusion of metabolites such as ADP, and of soluble proteins such as cytochrome c. Tomographic images of a variety of mitochondria suggest that inner membrane topology reflects a balance between membrane fusion and fission. Proteins that can affect cristae morphology include tBid, which triggers cytochrome c release in apoptosis, and the dynamin-like protein Mgml, involved in inter-mitochondrial membrane fusion. In frozen-hydrated rat-liver mitochondria, the space between the inner and outer membranes contains 10-15 nm particles that may represent macromolecular complexes involved in activities that span the two membranes. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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