Journal
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
Volume 235, Issue 2, Pages 530-538Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20633
Keywords
muscle; cytoskeleton; Caenorhabditis elegans; PDZ domains; LIM domains
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA042014, P30-CA42014] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL060591, R01 HL060591-08] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM007464] Funding Source: Medline
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Members of the ALP/Enigma family of PDZ-LIM proteins play a role in cytoskeletal anchorage and mutations in at least one member of this family are associated with human cardiomyopathy. Here, we describe the analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans alp-1 gene. alp-1 is predicted to encode the entire nematode ALP/Enigma protein family, consisting of one ALP-related protein with a single LIM domain and three Enigma-like proteins containing four LIM domains. We demonstrate that the ALP-1 proteins are expressed in muscle cells, where they localize to actin anchorage and muscle attachment sites. We show that the PDZ domain of the ALP-1 proteins is sufficient to target the protein to the dense bodies, which are important actin anchorage sites in C. elegans body wall muscle. We demonstrate that the C. elegans ALP/Enigma proteins are also localized to cell-cell junctions and to both epithelial and muscle cell nuclei. These findings suggest new roles for the ALP/Enigma protein family that may lead to the understanding of their involvement in cardiomyopathy.
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