Journal
CYTOKINE
Volume 33, Issue 4, Pages 188-198Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2006.01.006
Keywords
migration inhibitory factor; tumor immunity; T cells; cytokines; cell activation
Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA100030, R01 CA100030-01A2, CA100030] Funding Source: Medline
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multi-functional cytokine that is considered a pro-inflammatory cytokine. However, our studies show that MIF, when produced in super-physiological levels by a murine neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro-2a) exceeding those normally seen during an immune response, inhibits cytokine-, CD3-, and allo-induced T-cell activation. MIF is also able to inhibit T cells that have already received an activation signal. The T-cell inhibitory effects of culture supernatants from neuroblastoma cells were reversed when the cells were transfected with dicer-gencrated si-RNA to MIF When T cells were activated in vitro by co-culture with interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15 and analyzed for cytokine production in the presence or absence of MIF-containing culture supernatant, inhibition of T-cell proliferation and induced cell death were observed even as the treated T cells produced high levels of interfercm-gamma (IFN-gamma). The inhibitory effects of MIF were partially reversed when lymphocytes from IFN-gamma knockout mice were tested. We propose that the high levels of MIF produced by neuroblastoma cause activation induced T-cell death through an IFN-gamma pathway and may eliminate activated T cells from the tumor microenvironment and thus contribute to escape from immune surveillance. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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